Fourth Quiz

FIRST OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS REQUIREMENT

Initial investigation

Concept of system investigation
System investigation here is done when there is or there is a gap in the difference (gap) between the purpose of the system and actual system conditions.To know what things have makes system fail, then an analyst need to do an investigation first before take an action to repair the system. Because with investigation, an analyst can more understand about the problem and the flow of their system.

The purpose of investigation is to show the real problem of the system
Why report of detection problem is not real?

The report of detection problem can be not real because of:

• Too ideal goal of system

• Lees of resource or attitude

• Measuring of system is not accurate

• Renewing goal of system (statement of goals is dated)

• The gap between the ideal and the current system is temporary and will decrease given patience.

In problem solving, is necessary to give explanation about:

• Defining the system which is working

• getting ideal of system consensus

• gap developing some alternatives for decrease the gap

• chose the best alternatives

Constraints System Investigation

In making an investigation, there are several problems that often arises, namely:

· Time

· Cost

· Science

· Politics

· Intervention

Recommendation

The result of investigation is a recommendation, is contain of below:

• No action is taken. Because didn’t found any problem. This is mean when there is no problems find in system we can’t take any actions.

• Maintenance system. Is done for small problem. System maintenance needs to maintenance small problems like when job description not runs very well. So we must solve that problem and after we solve it we must maintenance

• Improving ability or skill for user

• Consider for system modification globally

• Placing problem that happened into system development plan.

Tactics of investigation

Why tactics is needed?

• To find all problems

• Detect the cause of problem

• Determining correct solution

Tactics investigation is done in order to every element in system can get the offering solution without disturb their activity

Some tactics with can be done:

• Listen the performer of system

• Do not presolve the problem

• Compare stories

• Probe for logical inconsistencies

• Look for reluctant responses

• Observe your effect

• Avoid politics

Technical of investigation

Can be divided into two:

1. Direct
• Questionnaires
• Interview
• observation

2. Indirect
• Procedure flow
• Document review
• Sampling
• Tabular tools

Description of the system in present time
• Input
• Output
• Files
• Data elements
• Transaction and action document volume
• Data flow diagrams


Requirement analysis

Stage of intensive interaction between the systems analyst with the end user where the system shows the development team expertise to get feedback and trust so that the user get a good participation.

4 target in this process, wish reached :

• explain system completely

• instance ideal system information

• bring information system into ideal condition at present time, with pay attention from resources

• cheering on user’s conviction to system development

Some method to get requirement for analysis :

• -- answer and question

• - questionnaires

• - observation

•- - analysis procedure

• - document review


Resource problem in requirement analysis :

• - time

• - Cost

• - Skill

• - Technology

• - External factor

Documents from analysis requirement:

• Analysis direction: relationship with the end user, process monitoring, problems in data gathering.

• User needs: real needs, report needs, exercise needs, and new system influence.

• System constraint: explain time and cost constraint, skill, technology and external factor.

• Document kind data gathering instrument, statistic consensus, data flow according to physic and logical, first data element in data dictionary.

Generating system alternatives:

Strategy selection

- Distributed versus centralized processing

- - Change information decision from centralized data processing to decentralized end user responsibility center.

- Integrated versus dispersed database

3. - System planner must consider what kind of incoming data to database and incoming to file.

- Surround Strategy of System Development

4. Environs are important strategy in case overtake company because information system from other company possible different with company at moment.

Tactic choice

is done before operational planning choice

Operational planning choice

Operational planning choice can be categorized to:

• Input

- online versus offline data entry

- keyed versus machine readable data entry

- centralized versus decentralized data entry

• processing

- batch versus realtime record update

- sequential versus direct access to records

- single versus multiple user update of records

• output

- traditional vs turn around documents

- structured vs inquiry based reports

Selecting the proper system

1. some method of system comparison:

• break even point analysis

• payback period

• discounted payback period

• internal rate of return

2. cost categories:

· Hardware

· Software

· People

· Suppliers

· Telecommunications

· Physical sites

3. detailed cost:
Comparing the cost of information systems through the life of the system, analysts projected how the cost changes for the future and there are 3 models cost information system, namely Linear, and exponentially Step Function

Cost information system can occur only once and can also occur on an ongoing basis.

Cost information system that occur only once the cost on time and development costs that occur during the development of the system.

Cost information system that occur continuously among reccuring cost and operational cost where the cost of this is the case when the operating system information every day.

Information System Factor

Qualitative factor direct to best information system there are:

• reduce mistake state

• reduce time to solve mistake

• reduce perceptive time from alternative workstation

• increase time to supplying information

• raise system security

• increase update from active record

• raise user satisfied

Company Strategy Factor

• user satisfied

• increase selling state

• commitment between consumer and vendor

• product information marketing

The presentation Learning System

• shortly presentation

• reduce technically details

• presenting with clearly and use visual tools

• if use model, use tools likes laptop so could more informative

• pushed profit from information system proposal with some alternative appropriate with company’s condition

Continuing or not?

• If the company decided to develop the system, then the information department will do the next process, called design system process

• If not, then system development life cycle will stopped

• Often will find problem with studying system and usually top management will asked to do re processing with studying system.

• The model will explain several continuous state, and sometime the information department will creating decision to repeat the state before explain the studying system.

• With the alternative, decision to repeat a state before System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) or not, is called Go – No –Go Decision.